Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among general population in Bosnia and Herzegovina: 10-Years single center experience

Objectives: The aim of this research was to determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with special reference to women of reproductive age in Bosnia and Herzegovina.Methods: The retrospective cross-sectional study included 3685 participants tested at the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Diagnostics, University Clinical Hospital, Mostar in the period from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2019. The detection of IgG and IgM antibodies to T. gondii was based on the enzyme immunofluorescence test.Results: In this study the total IgG prevalence of T. gondii was 18.7%, while only 1.7% were IgM positive. The IgG prevalence increased according to age of participants from 1.8% in 1-5 age group to 46.8% in participants older than 65 (p < 0.001). Out of total IgG positive participants, 62.8% came from rural areas (p < 0.001). An increased age (OR = 2.233) and rural residence (OR = 1.468) were found as risk factors for toxoplasmosis, whereas gender was not (OR =1.021). Out of total 1514 women of reproductive age tested, the IgG prevalence of T. gondii was 15.8%, and IgM antibodies was present in 1.6% examined women.Conclusions: This study showed a seroprevalence of T. gondii in Bosnia and Herzegovina, not only among the general population, but also among women of reproductive age. Results of the study suggest the need for more systematic preventive monitoring of pregnant women and preconception counselling for women of reproductive age.