Unleashing Axonal Regeneration Capacities: Neuronal and Non-neuronal Changes After Injuries to Dorsal Root Ganglion Neuron Central and Peripheral Axonal Branches

被引:4
|
作者
Zhao, Qian [1 ]
Jiang, Chunyi [1 ,2 ]
Zhao, Li [1 ]
Dai, Xiu [1 ]
Yi, Sheng [1 ]
机构
[1] Nantong Univ, Coinnovat Ctr Neuroregenerat, Key Lab Neuroregenerat Jiangsu & Minist Educ, NMPA Key Lab Res & Evaluat Tissue Engn Technol Pr, Nantong, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
[2] Nantong Univ, Dept Pathol, Affiliated Hosp, Nantong, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
基金
中国国家自然科学基金;
关键词
Axonal regeneration; Dorsal root ganglion neuron; Central axonal branch; Peripheral axonal branch; Glial cells; Conditioning lesion; SCHWANN-CELL TRANSPLANTATION; SPINAL-CORD; NERVE REGENERATION; SENSORY NEURONS; MACROPHAGES; RAT; CNS; TRANSPORT; GROWTH; EXPRESSION;
D O I
10.1007/s12035-023-03590-7
中图分类号
Q189 [神经科学];
学科分类号
071006 ;
摘要
Peripheral nerves obtain remarkable regenerative capacity while central nerves can hardly regenerate following nerve injury. Sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) are widely used to decipher the dissimilarity between central and peripheral axonal regeneration as axons of DRG neurons bifurcate into the regeneration-incompetent central projections and the regeneration-competent peripheral projections. A conditioning peripheral branch injury facilitates central axonal regeneration and enables the growth and elongation of central axons. Peripheral axonal injury stimulates neuronal calcium influx, alters the start-point chromatin states, increases chromatin accessibility, upregulates the expressions of regeneration-promoting genes and the synthesis of proteins, and supports axonal regeneration. Following central axonal injury, the responses of DRG neurons are modest, resulting in poor intrinsic growth ability. Some non-neuronal cells in DRGs, for instance satellite glial cells, also exhibit diminished injury responses to central axon injury as compared with peripheral axon injury. Moreover, DRG central and peripheral axonal branches are respectively surrounded by inhibitory glial scars generated by central glial cells and a permissive microenvironment generated by Schwann cells and macrophages. The aim of this review is to look at changes of DRG neurons and non-neuronal cells after peripheral and central axon injuries and summarize the contributing roles of both neuronal intrinsic regenerative capacities and surrounding microenvironments in axonal regeneration.
引用
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页码:423 / 433
页数:11
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