Photosynthetic green hydrogen: Advances, challenges, opportunities, and prospects

The production of energy, food, water, and other utensils by fossil fuels generates pollution that causes constant climate change. To minimize and avoid this phenomenon, opting for less polluting energy production sources is increasingly necessary. Green hydrogen (H2), a renewable and clean fuel, is analyzed in bibliometric terms in the present work, empha-sizing photosynthetic H2. The data were obtained through the journal database list in Web of Science, in which a total of 1507 was published between January 2010 to September 2022, dealing with the production of photosynthetic green hydrogen. The country with the most significant publication is China, with respectively 24.50% of the publications, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences has 60 co-authored papers, the largest in co-authorshipd-most papers published in the international journal of hydrogen energy, with 19.49% of the publications. The raw materials identified as emerging are cyanobacteria and microalgae, Rhodobacter capsulatus, synechocystis sp pcc6803 and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii pointed out as the microalgae of most significant interest. However, it is necessary to improve them, given the decrease in inactivity provided by the Calvin-Benson cycle. Life cycle assessment studies are needed, as well as H2 storage. There is a need to reduce the levelized cost of H2 production, which is around 9.65e25.22 USD/gallon. Studies also point to using cyano-bacteria and microalgae to produce other biofuels (bioethanol biodiesel) and materials (supercapacitors, batteries, and polymers). (c) 2023 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.