The north-south asymmetry of the ALFALFA H I velocity width function

The number density of extragalactic 21-cm radio sources as a function of their spectral line widths - the HI width function (HIWF) - is a sensitive tracer of the dark matter halo mass function (HMF). The Lambda cold dark matter model predicts that the HMF should be identical everywhere provided it is sampled in sufficiently large volumes, implying that the same should be true of the HIWF. The Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA (ALFALFA) 21-cm survey measured the HIWF in northern and southern Galactic fields and found a systematically higher number density in the north. At face value, this is in tension with theoretical predictions. We use the Sibelius-DARK N-body simulation and the semi-analytical galaxy formation model GALFORM to create a mock ALFALFA survey. We find that the offset in number density has two origins: the sensitivity of the survey is different in the two fields, which has not been correctly accounted for in previous measurements; and the 1/V-eff algorithm used for completeness corrections does not fully account for biases arising from spatial clustering in the galaxy distribution. The latter is primarily driven by a foreground overdensity in the northern field within 30 Mpc, but more distant structure also plays a role. We provide updated measurements of the ALFALFA HIWF (and H I mass function) correcting for the variations in survey sensitivity. Only when systematic effects such as these are understood and corrected for can cosmological models be tested against the HIWF.