Evoked potentials after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for multiple sclerosis

Objective: To investigate the effect of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) on functional aspects of the nervous system assessed by visual (VEP), somatosensory (SEP), and motor (MEP) evoked potentials in patients with relapsing -remitting multiple sclerosis. Background: Several studies have demonstrated the efficacy of AHSCT on inflammatory activity and disability progression in patients with multiple sclerosis. However, the impact of AHSCT on evoked potentials has not been evaluated before. Methods: Twelve AHSCT-treated patients from Uppsala University Hospital were consecutively recruited. Evoked potentials (EP) were collected at baseline and two follow-up visits, 3 and 12 months post-AHSCT. We calculated a composite EP score for each participant and compared it between different time points. Results: The median total EP score decreased from 5 at baseline, to 2.5 at 12 months post-ASHCT (p = 0.008). A significant improvement in tibial SEP (tSEP) latencies was observed (42.7 vs 41.5 ms, p < 0.001), with a similar trend for MEP latencies 12 months post-ASHCT. No significant changes in median SEP or VEP latencies were observed. Conclusions: Treatment with AHSCT was associated with improved transmission in some central nervous system pathways in multiple sclerosis patients.