Management of biodiversity in Pakistan protected areas and its legal implications

Numerous studies over the last decade have shown the positive effects of green infrastructure and protected areas like the (Natura) 2000 network on the economy and the quality of life of local communities. Carbon storage, water supply and purification, flood management, soil retention, recreation and tourism, fish and timber availability, and so on are all examples of benefits. Understanding the importance of biodiversity conservation, garnering funding for upkeep and restoration, and encouraging responsible involvement in protected areas have all benefited from these assessments. Fourteen national parks, one hundred ninety-nine wildlife sanctuaries, ninety-six game reserves, sixteen unclassified areas (private, planned, or indicated), a biosphere reserve, and nine wetlands recognized by the Ramsar Convention may be found in Pakistan. The total area covered by these clusters is 9,170,121 hectares (10.4%). Ecosystem requirements are not being met due to size, dispersion, or management. Various laws need the creation of policy and legal frameworks, the enforcement of laws, the development of capacity, the provision of incentives, and the provision of funds from federal and provincial governments, all with the goal of safeguarding biodiversity (Heydari, Omidipour, & Greenlee, 2020). Federal policies and programmes are necessary for the conservation and sustainable use of biological variety. This article examines the significance of conservation efforts and future evaluations in halting biodiversity loss.