Synthesis, optical, structural, physical, and experimental gamma-ray transmission properties of high-density lead-boro-tellurite glasses: A multi-phases investigation towards providing a behavioral symmetry through Lead(II) oxide

We report the synthesis and multiple material properties of newly designed high-density lead-boro-tellurite glass system. The glass formulation as zPbO + [(100-z)(0.2B2O3 + 0.8TeO2)], where z: 10, 15, 20, and 25 mol%, were synthesized using a traditional melting technique around 625 to 725 degrees C. After successfully preparing the glass samples coded BT20-Pb10, BT20-Pb15, BT20-Pb20, and BT20-Pb25, some physical, structural, and optical an-alyses were included to serve up a broad understanding. BT20-Pb10, had a density of 5.4125 g/cm3, whilst BT20-Pb25 possessed a density of 6.0756 g/cm3. According to the XRD method, all samples except for BT20-Pb25 had an amorphous structure without any sharp peaks. Furthermore, the transmission percentage was in a decreasing trend parallel to the increasing PbO concentration. This phenomenon also influenced on energy bandgap values to reduce from 2.70 to 2.45 eV for BT20-Pb10 to BT20-Pb25 samples, respectively. In addition to the material characterizations, we studied experimental and theoretical radiation shielding properties. Using experimental methods, the photon absorption properties of the manufactured glasses were studied, and we found out that the BT20-Pb25 sample exhibited the highest MAC values among the compared glasses. Based on MAC findings, other essential parameters, such as HVL and Zeff, were found to be in enhancing way as PbO increased in the glass network. In the context of benchmarking of findings with theoretical and experimental results, it was clearly demonstrated that precise harmony reigns when all eight energy values are taken into account. To sum up, BT20-Pb25 may be regarded as a potential shielding glass for various applications in radiation fields owing to its significant material properties and shielding performance against energetic photons.