'We don't have to do it together': a qualitative study of physiotherapists' and patients' perceptions about collaborative goal setting in Nigeria

Background: The adoption of Collaborative Goal Setting (CGS) is limited in most rehabilitation settings in Nigeria despite its recommendations in clinical practice guidelines.Objective: To explore the perceptions of physiotherapists and patients about CGS at a tertiary healthcare facility in Ibadan, Nigeria.Methods:We conducted focus group discussions among purposively selected physiotherapists (n = 8) and patients (4 stroke survivors, 3 patients with brain injury) to qualitatively explore their perceptions. Audio-taped discussions were transcribed verbatim and thematically analyzed.Results: We identified four themes around CGS which were: 1) paternalistic view of goal setting; 2) physiotherapists as goal setters; 3) perceived benefits of collaborative goal setting; and 4) barriers and facilitators to CGS. The physiotherapists articulated goals as expected outcomes from treatment and believed they were better poised and experienced to determine what patients could achieve during each phase of treatment. Patients' view of goal setting agreed with the physio-therapists', as they also opined that goal setting is the responsibility of physiotherapists. Time constraint, inadequate knowledge and the inability of patients to appropriately articulate their goals and expectations from treatment were barriers to CGS. Concerns about who to collaborate with when dealing with patients with impaired cognition and/or disorders of consciousness were raised by the physiotherapists. Participants in both groups indicated that education on how to set patient-oriented goals could facilitate CGS.Conclusions:Though rarely practiced, participants agreed that collaborative goal setting could be beneficial. Both the physiotherapists and patients require education on how to appropriately collaborate in setting goals of rehabilitation.