COMMON SCAFFOLDS IN TISSUE ENGINEERING FOR BONE TISSUE REGENERATION: A REVIEW ARTICLE

Regenerative medicine offers a new solution by cell therapy and tissue engineering methods to improve irreparable bone damage. Engineered structures help to accelerate the natural recovery of the tissue because in some bone injuries, the lost tissue is extensive and it is not possible to recover naturally. This article provides an overview of common scaffolds in tissue engineering for bone tissue regeneration. Because bone is a hard and inflexible tissue, therefore, biological materials that are hard like bone should be used for scaffold design. From this category of materials, we can mention bioactive glasses, which when these glasses are placed in the simulated environment of the body, form a crystal layer of hydroxyapatite in contact with the body's physiological fluid. Choosing the right manufacturing method depends on the desired tissue structure. Considering the vital role of scaffolds in tissue engineering, several methods have been used to design and build good scaffolds for tissue engineering. Electrospinning is a common method for making scaffolding. In this technique, by changing the conditions, fibers from several microns to several nanometers can be created. Because the area ratio to the regional volume of the fibers obtained from electrospinning is high, this characteristic increases the connection and proliferation of cells on the scaffold. Therefore, the electrospun scaffold, which is a combination of bioactive glass and polymer, can provide the basis for the treatment of bone diseases.