A framework for smart city streetscape (SCS) design guidelines for urban sustainability: results from a systematic literature review and a Delphi process

With the application of information technology under the goal of developing a smart city, smart city streetscape design is emerging and gradually developing. Due to the lack of attention to "smartening" traditional streetscape design, the existing urban streetscape design falls short in meeting the needs of smart city development. Regarding current research, more in-depth research should integrate the streetscape design system into the development of smart cities and build a practical smart-streetscape system. This paper is part of a larger study that aims to explore suitable streetscape sustainable design guidelines within the smart city context by integrating a set of guidelines based on the four dimensions (the city, society, the economy, and the environment) of a sustainable streetscape. Methodologically, this study conducts a systematic literature review of the discussion of streetscapes in the context of smart cities, finding 7 first-level attributes and 39 s-level candidate guidelines for smart city streetscape sustainable design. In the second stage, experts' opinions were collected through a Delphi method, and the attributes and guidelines were screened and revised based on experts' theoretical and practical knowledge. Through three rounds of Delphi method review and Likert scale (5 scores) to score the attributes and guidelines, the finally 7 first-level attributes and 38 s-level guidelines were determined. Use the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to determine the weightage of guidelines. Finally, it analyzes how the guidelines are relevant to the four dimensions of sustainable streetscape. Subsequently, the guidelines will be used to develop an SCS design framework that will be useful for advancing our understanding of smart city streetscapes promote urban sustainable development and can be used to explore how friendly the smart city streetscapes are to its residents.