Micro/nanomotor technology: the new era for food safety control

Food poisoning caused by eating contaminated food remains a threat to global public health. Making the situation even worse is the aggravated global environmental pollution, which poses a major threat to the safety of agricultural resources. Food adulteration has been rampant owing to negligent national food safety regulations. The speed at which contaminated food is detected and disposed of determines the extent to which consumers' lives are safeguarded and agricultural economic losses are prevented. Micro/nanomotors offer a high-speed mobile loading platform that substantially increases the chemical reaction rates and, accordingly, exhibit great potential as alternatives to conventional detection and degradation techniques. This review summarizes the propulsion modes applicable to micro/nanomotors in food systems and the advantages of using micro/nanomotors, highlighting examples of their potential use in recent years for the detection and removal of food contaminants. Micro/nanomotors are an emerging technology for food applications that is moving toward mass production, simple preparation, and important functions.