PFAS in the Drinking Water Source: Analysis of the Contamination Levels, Origin and Emission Rates

被引：16

作者：

Mussabek, Dauren ^{[1
,2
]}

Soderman, Anna ^{[1
]}

Imura, Tomomi ^{[2
]}

Persson, Kenneth M. ^{[1
,3
,4
]}

Nakagawa, Kei ^{[2
]}

Ahrens, Lutz ^{[5
]}

Berndtsson, Ronny ^{[1
,6
]}

机构：

[1] LTH Lund Univ, Div Water Resources Engn, S-22100 Lund, Sweden

[2] Nagasaki Univ, Inst Integrated Sci & Technol, Nagasaki 8528521, Japan

[3] Sweden Water Res AB, S-22370 Lund, Sweden

[4] South Sweden Water Supply AB Sydvatten AB, S-21532 Malmo, Sweden

[5] Swedish Univ Agr Sci SLU, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden

[6] Lund Univ, Ctr Adv Middle Eastern Studies CMES, S-22100 Lund, Sweden

来源：

WATER | 2023年 / 15卷 / 01期

基金：

日本学术振兴会;

关键词：

AFFF; PFAS; groundwater; FILM-FORMING FOAM; POLYFLUOROALKYL SUBSTANCES; PERFLUOROALKYL ACIDS; ACCIDENTAL RELEASE; PERFLUORINATED SURFACTANTS; FIREFIGHTING FOAM; MASS-BALANCE; WASTE-WATER; EXPOSURE; PFOS;

D O I：

10.3390/w15010137

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

Groundwater contamination caused by the use of the aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) containing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) was investigated in southern Sweden. sigma PFAS concentrations in groundwater ranged between 20 and 20,000 ng L-1; PFAS composition was primarily represented by PFOS and PFHxS. The PFAS chain length was suggested to have an impact on the contaminant distribution and transport in the groundwater. PFAS profiling showed that the use of PFSAs- and PFCAs/FTSAs-based PFAS-AFFF can be a contributor to PFAS contamination of the drinking water source (groundwater). PFAS emission was connected to PFAS-AFFF use during the fire-training and fire-fighting equipment tests at the studied location. PFAS emission per individual fire training was (semi-quantitatively) estimated as [1.4 < 11.5 +/- 5.7 < 43.7 kg] (n = 20,000). The annual emission estimates varied as [11 < 401 +/- 233 < 1125 kg yr(-1)] (n = 1005) considering possible [2 < 35 +/- 20 < 96] individual fire-training sessions per year.

引用

页数：13

共 52 条

[31] Half-lives of PFOS, PFHxS and PFOA after end of exposure to contaminated drinking water [J].

Li, Ying ;

Fletcher, Tony ;

Mucs, Daniel ;

Scott, Kristin ;

Lindh, Christian H. ;

Tallving, Pia ;

Jakobsson, Kristina .

OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE, 2018, 75 (01) :46-51

[32]

Lindfeldt E, 2021, KARTL GGNING PEROCH

[33]

Livsmedelsverket, PFAS DRICKSVATTEN LI

[34] Ecological Considerations of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) [J].

McCarthy, Chris ;

Kappleman, William ;

DiGuiseppi, William .

CURRENT POLLUTION REPORTS, 2017, 3 (04) :289-301

[35] Distribution and sources of polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the River Rhine watershed [J].

Moeller, Axel ;

Ahrens, Lutz ;

Surm, Renate ;

Westerveld, Joke ;

van der Wielen, Frans ;

Ebinghaus, Ralf ;

de Voogt, Pim .

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION, 2010, 158 (10) :3243-3250

[36] Monitoring perfluorinated surfactants in biota and surface water samples following an accidental release of fire-fighting foam into Etobicoke Creek [J].

Moody, CA ;

Martin, JW ;

Kwan, WC ;

Muir, DCG ;

Mabury, SC .

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 2002, 36 (04) :545-551

[37] Determination of perfluorocarboxylates in groundwater impacted by fire-fighting activity [J].

Moody, CA ;

Field, JA .

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 1999, 33 (16) :2800-2806

[38] Perfluorinated surfactants and the environmental implications of their use in fire-fighting foams [J].

Moody, CA ;

Field, JA .

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 2000, 34 (18) :3864-3870

[39] Interactions of perfluoroalkyl substances with a phospholipid bilayer studied by neutron reflectometry [J].

Nouhi, Shirin ;

Ahrens, Lutz ;

Pereira, Hugo Campos ;

Hughes, Arwel V. ;

Campana, Mario ;

Gutfreund, Philipp ;

Palsson, Gunnar K. ;

Vorobiev, Alexei ;

Hellsing, Maja S. .

JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE, 2018, 511 :474-481

[40] Probabilistic risk of decreased levels of triiodothyronine following chronic exposure to PFOS and PFHxS [J].

Oberg, M. ;

Da Silva, A. ;

Ringblom, J. ;

Scott, K. ;

Lindh, C. ;

Jakobsson, K. .

TOXICOLOGY LETTERS, 2018, 295 :S224-S224

← 1 2 3 4 5 6 →