Determinants of Gait Parameters in Patients With Severe Hip Osteoarthritis

Objective: To investigate the characteristics and symptoms of patients with hip osteoarthritis that are associated with spatiotemporal gait parameters, including their variability and asymmetry. Design: A retrospective, cross-sectional study. Setting: University hospital. Participants: The study analyzed the gait analysis data of 155 patients (N=155) with hip osteoarthritis who were admitted to a university hospital for total hip replacement and were able to walk on a treadmill without a handrail. Interventions: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures: The dependent variables were gait parameters during treadmill walking. These included gait speed, stride length, cadence, coefficient of variation of stride length and stride time, swing time symmetry index, and step symmetry index. Single and multiple regression analyses were conducted using independent variables of the characteristics and symptoms of the patients, including age, sex, height, pain, leg-length discrepancy, and muscle strength of the affected and normal sides measured with a hand-held dynamometer (iliopsoas, gluteus medius, and quadriceps). Results: In the analysis, gait speed and stride were the dependent variables, whereas age, height, and muscle strength on the affected side were the significant independent variables (P<.05). Additionally, pain demonstrated a marginal association with gait speed (P=.053). Only the leg-length discrepancy correlated with cadence. When the coefficient of variation of the stride length was the dependent variable, age and muscle strength on the affected side were significant. For the swing time symmetry index, only the muscle strength on the affected side was significant. Furthermore, the step symmetry index only correlated with leg-length discrepancy. The muscle strength on the affected side was the only significant independent variable for the coefficient of variation of the stride time. Conclusions: The results revealed that each of the frequent clinical symptoms of hip osteoarthritis, such as pain, muscle weakness, and leg-length discrepancy, can explain different aspects of gait performance. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2024;105:343-51 (c) 2023 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine.