Magnetohydrodynamic Marangoni boundary layer flow of nanoparticles with thermal radiation and heat transfer in a porous sheet

This study is based on heat transfer and a two-dimensional MHD Walters' liquid B flow containing copper nanoparticles driven by a stretching sheet in a porous medium. Mass transpiration and thermal radiation effects are considered. The set of partial differential equations affected by the Marangoni boundary condition is used. A nonlinear system of equations is solved to obtain the coupled ordinary differential equations using the similarity transformations and Laplace transform technique. An exact solution is obtained for the transformed system. In the analysis, it is noted that the inclusion of smaller copper nanoparticles provides superior thermal conductivity with temperature. The velocity and temperature distributions are analysed for radiation number, Prandtl number, magnetic parameter, viscoelastic parameter and permeability parameter. Results revealed that heat transfer rate was improved by the coupled effect of enhanced conductivity and thermal radiation. Thermal performance judgements by radiation provide design guidance in thermal engineering applications.