Update on percutaneous and perventricular device closure of congenital ventricular septal defect

IntroductionVentricular septal defect is the most common congenital heart defect. Surgical repair has been standard therapy for symptomatic ventricular septal defects since the 1950s. Catheter-based device closure of ventricular septal defects emerged in the 1980s and has become a safe and effective alternative in select patients.Areas CoveredThis review focuses on patient selection and procedural techniques for device closure of ventricular septal defects, including percutaneous and hybrid perventricular approaches. The available devices used for these procedures and outcomes of their use are reviewed.Expert OpinionPercutaneous and perventricular device closure of ventricular septal defects is safe and effective in select patients. However, the majority of ventricular septal defects requiring closure continue to be managed with conventional surgery. Further development and investigation of transcatheter and hybrid surgical approaches for closing ventricular septal defects is required.