Lost in between-the transition process from a child and adolescent eating disorder service to adult mental health services in the German health care system

IntroductionIn young adults with anorexia nervosa (AN), the process of transition from a child and adolescent mental health service (CAMHS) to an adult mental health service (AMHS) has been recognized as critical, and many patients fear falling through the gap between the two types of service. As reports about the transition process in emerging adults with AN are scarce, the present study aimed to explore the problems and experiences of this age group.MethodWe screened our registry for patients with AN who had been treated as inpatients during childhood and/or adolescence and come of age during the last 3 years. Thirty-two female patients [mean age 20.3 (1.2) y.] agreed to participate in a semistructured personal or telephone interview assessing their demographic and clinical data, whether they had finalised the transition, and their wishes and experiences regarding the transition process.ResultsOnly approximately one-third of the participants had already undergone the transition. Nearly 60% of the former patients were still cared for by a CAMHS, and only 12.5% had stopped treatment for AN. Approximately 60% were exclusively or additionally cared for by their general practitioner. More than 50% of the participants still lived with their parents. Approximately 90% of the participants who remained in a CAMHS expressed concerns about transitioning, mostly about losing their trusted therapist and the assumption of personal responsibility.ConclusionPatients with AN often delay the transition from a CAMHS to an AMHS, which they experience as intimidating and overwhelming. Thus, patients should be better prepared for the transition, which should be linked to "developmental readiness" and not to chronological age. Because many patients still live with their family of origin, parents and their family physician should be closely involved in the transition process. Patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) often experience the transition from child-oriented services to adult-oriented services as challenging and thus try to delay the process. The majority of patients with AN want to continue their treatment with their trusted well-known psychotherapist. More specialised and individualised treatments for emerging adults with AN are urgently needed.