Preventing sexual violence in sexual orientation and gender diverse communities: A call to action

被引:13
|
作者
Blackburn, Allyson M. [1 ,5 ]
Katz, Benjamin W. [2 ]
Oesterle, Daniel W. [3 ]
Orchowski, Lindsay M. [4 ]
机构
[1] Univ Illinois, Dept Psychol, Div Clin Community Psychol, Champaign, IL USA
[2] Univ Wisconsin Milwaukee, Dept Psychol, Milwaukee, WI USA
[3] Purdue Univ, Coll Hlth & Human Sci, Dept Psychol Sci, W Lafayette, IN USA
[4] Brown Univ, Dept Psychiat & Human Behav, Alpert Med Sch, Providence, RI USA
[5] Univ Illinois, Dept Psychol, Div Clin Community Psychol, 603 East Daniel St, Champaign, IL 61820 USA
关键词
Sexual violence; prevention; LGBTQ; sexual orientation; gender identity; sexual assault; Violencia sexual; prevencion; orientacion sexual; identidad de genero; agresion sexual; INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE; ANTI-BULLYING POLICIES; DOMESTIC VIOLENCE; ASSAULT VICTIMIZATION; RISK-FACTORS; GAY; LGBTQ; EXPERIENCES; CAMPUS; IMPLEMENTATION;
D O I
10.1080/20008066.2023.2297544
中图分类号
B849 [应用心理学];
学科分类号
040203 ;
摘要
Background: Members of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and other sexual orientation and gender diverse (SOGD) communities are at disproportionately higher risk for sexual violence compared to cisgender heterosexual people. Despite this elevated risk, relatively few sexual violence prevention efforts effectively reduce these victimization disparities based on sexual orientation or gender identity.Objective: This narrative review provides an overview of the prevalence of sexual violence in the SOGD communities, delineates risk factors for sexual victimization among SOGD community members, and reviews and evaluates existing prevention efforts for the SOGD communities. We outline specific recommendations for ensuring that prevention efforts meet the needs of the SOGD communities.Method: Drawing on ecological systems theory and public health approaches to sexual violence prevention, we outline current approaches and opportunities for preventionists and scholars to push the field forward.Results: There have been promising prevention programmes designed to be implemented within SOGD communities specifically; however, it is important that general primary prevention programmes endeavour to specifically address sexual violence perpetrated against SOGD people. While many packaged programmes that endeavour to prevent sexual violence across all gender identities and sexual orientations are inclusive of SOGD participants, more programming is needed that integrates anti-oppression training to target social norms that perpetuate SOGD-specific rape myths and normalize sexual violence against SOGD community members.Conclusion: Ecological prevention strategies in line with a public health approach for primary prevention may be particularly valuable for reducing victimization disparities based on SOGD status and identity. Comprehensive sexual education and anti-discrimination policies should be considered front-line prevention programming. To assess if these strategies are effective, the implementation of large-scale surveillance surveys that use comprehensive assessments of sexual orientation, gender identity, and sexual violence are needed. Using theoretically grounded implementation strategies for prevention programmes can ensure effective programme delivery. Despite their increased vulnerability, relatively few prevention strategies that specifically aim to reduce sexual violence among sexual and gender diverse (SOGD) communities and existing packaged programmes are less effective for preventing victimization among SOGD than for cisgender, heterosexual groups.Packaged prevention programmes should continue adapting with the specific aims to reduce these SOGD-based disparities.Broader changes at the outer layer of the social-ecological model (e.g. anti-discrimination, anti-bullying, inclusive sex-education) are critical primary prevention approaches to reduce SOGD-based sexual violence disparities. Antecedentes: Los miembros de las comunidades de lesbianas, gays, bisexuales, transgenero, queer y otras orientaciones y diversidades de genero (OODG) se encuentran en un riesgo desproporcionalmente alto de violencia sexual en comparacion con personas cisgenero heterosexuales. Pese a este elevado riesgo, se han realizado muy pocos esfuerzos en la prevencion de la violencia sexual para reducir de forma efectiva esta inequidad en la victimizacion basada en la identidad u orientacion de genero.Objetivo: Esta revision narrativa brinda una perspectiva general de la prevalencia de la violencia sexual en la comunidad de OODG, delimita los factores de riesgo para la victimizacion sexual en miembros de la comunidad de OOGD, evalua y revisa los esfuerzos de prevencion existentes para la comunidad OOGD. Se estructuran recomendaciones especificas para garantizar que los esfuerzos de prevencion satisfagan las necesidades de la comunidad de OOGD.Metodos: Recurriendo a la teoria de sistemas ecologicos y a enfoques de salud publica en materia de prevencion de violencia sexual, se estructuran los enfoques y oportunidades actuales para personas que las dedicadas a la prevencion y a la academia impulsen este ambito.Resultados: Se encuentran programas de prevencion prometedores disenados para ser implementados especificamente dentro de las comunidades de OOGD; sin embargo, es importante que los programas generales de prevencion primaria se proyecten a abordar especificamente la violencia sexual perpetrada en contra de personas OOGD. Si bien muchos programas que se esfuerzan por prevenir la violencia sexual en todas las identidades de genero y orientaciones sexuales son inclusivos para personas de la comunidad OOGD y se encuentran llenos de actividades, se requiere mayor programacion que integre el entrenamiento contra la opresion enfocado contra las normas sociales que perpetuan los mitos relacionados con violaciones sexuales a personas de la comunidad OOGD y que normalizan la violencia contra sus miembros.Conclusion: Las estrategias de prevencion ecologicas, alineadas con un enfoque de salud publica para la prevencion primaria, pueden ser particularmente valiosas para reducir la disparidad en la victimizacion basada en el estatus y la identidad de la comunidad OOGD. Una educacion sexual integral y politicas en contra de la discriminacion deben ser consideradas de primera linea en la programacion de medidas preventivas. Para evaluar si estas estrategias son efectivas, se necesita implementar estudios de monitorizacion que incluyan evaluaciones integrales de la orientacion sexual, identidad de genero y agresiones sexuales y se encuentren cimentados en la teoria.
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页数:16
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