Nanomatryoshka as a nano-material for use in laser-induced hyperthermia in biological tissues: A multiphysics-based computational modeling approach

The growing demand for efficient and biocompatible materials in laser-induced medical hyperthermia applications has led us to investigate a novel material known as the gold nanomatryoshka. This unique structure, composed of three superimposed layers (Au-SiO2-Au), offers significant advantages over conventional plasmonic structures, such as gold nanorods, due to its spherical geometry and potential for achieving the highest available density. In this study, our primary motivation is to explore the tunable optical absorption properties of the gold nanomatryoshka by adjusting the core radius and the thickness of its two outer layers (shells). By applying the Mie theory to calculate the interaction of light with gold nanomatryoshka, the absorption and scattering cross sections of these structures were obtained. Additionally, by employing the Monte Carlo method (photon trans-port within biological tissue) and combining with the bioheat equation (thermal analysis in the tissue), the temperature distribution inside the tissue was obtained. The key aim of our research is to establish a robust computational modeling methodology for assessing the size-dependent efficiency of the gold nanomatryoshka in medical hyperthermia applications. The tunability of its optical properties, enabled by its unique structure, holds immense promise for optimizing its performance in laser-based cancer treatments and other biomedical applications. Present study concludes with the successful demonstration of the gold nanomatryoshka's potential for enhancing the effectiveness of laser-based cancer treatment. Furthermore, its biocompatibility, attributed to the outer gold layer, makes it a compelling candidate for treatment, particularly in nanoparticle-based treatments of cancer within organs like the prostate. The significance of this research lies in its contributions to the design and implementation of the gold nanomatryoshka in medical hyperthermia applications. By addressing concerns related to core-shell structures (Au-SiO2), our findings pave the way for developing more effective and targeted therapeutic strategies, thus advancing the field of laser-induced medical hyperthermia and its applications in cancer treatment.