Factors influencing powders' flowability and favorable phases like crystalline (Mullite and quartz) and amorphous phases of plasma-sprayed fly ash coatings suitable for marine and offshore applications

Due to its rich mineralogy, fly ash (FA), an industrial waste, has been used to combat erosive, corrosive environments. Powder flowability dictates coating properties. In this investigation, raw FA powder was obtained from a thermal power plant and sieved in various sizes to assess their flowability. Powder's physical characteristics, such as specific surface area, Blaine's fineness number, and bulk density, were determined, and their influence on powder flowability was analyzed. Of these properties, bulk density affects more. Rietveld refinement was performed on the powder to quantify the phases. The powders had 45.08 & PLUSMN; 11.38 amorphous and 11.00 & PLUSMN; 2.76 % of mullite phases. Later, alumina was added between 10 and 50 wt% to FA, and samples were subjected to high-temperature X-ray diffraction at 1150 A 32.27% rise in Mullite content was observed for 50 wt% alumina, with 119% decrease in the amor-phous phase. Finally, one set of FA without additives coating was plasma sprayed onto a marine-grade steel substrate. The coating showed 17.31 & PLUSMN; 0.6% of mullite and 69.43 & PLUSMN; 0.6 % of the amorphous phase, with decent Mechanical properties. Therefore, 50 wt% alumina in FA powder has improved the mullite phase, bulk density (43%), and flowability by decreasing the amorphous phase content.& COPY; 2023 Society of Powder Technology Japan Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.