A brief review of nonlinear triboelectric nanogenerator

Nonlinear triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is an emerging type of energy harvester capable of converting low-frequency ambient energies into electricity. Due to the large-amplitude dynamic behaviors of the nonlinear triboelectric nanogenerator system and the intrinsic relationship between the electrical output and the dynamic response, the electrical output of the TENG can be effectively improved and the energy harvesting band can be effectively broadened. To better understand the fundamental principle of harvesting low-frequency energy based on the nonlinear TENG, a general overview on the existing literature related to the nonlinear TENG is proposed. The first part of this review is a detailed explanation about the theory of TENG. It then categorizes and details a number of methods for harvesting mechanical energy from low-frequency vibration. Furthermore, several strategies for improving the performance of the nonlinear TENG are summarized. Finally, a brief list of the potential applications of the nonlinear TENG is given. By summarizing the relevant literature, this review aims to provide some inspiration for the realization of low-frequency vibration energy harvesting and the improvement of energy conversion efficiency.