Metachronal ciliary wave motion analysis on peristaltic flow of hyperbolic tangent nanofluid through an inclined magnetic field in a symmetric channel

The phenomenon of metachronal wave of artificial cilia activated by the influence of magnetic field has many biological applications. The main aim of the present investigation is to show the effect of magnetic field on peristaltic-ciliary flow of hyperbolic tangent nanofluid through an inclined symmetric channel with surface roughness. The dimensional equations were converted into a non-dimensional form by suitable dimensionless parameters, which are solved by using the transformation method combined with perturbation technique. Impact of different physical characteristics on velocity, different wave forms, volume fraction, trapping phenomenon and temperature has been analysed. From the study we can observe that the fluid flow can be controlled by varying the power law index. The angle of inclination of the channel enhances the fluid velocity. It is also observed that the Darcy number and peristaltic-ciliary flow increase the fluid flow in the system. Whereas, the shape of the waves remains the same for both multi-sinusoidal waves and triangular waves when the pressure gradient is taken into account. The outcomes of this study can be utilised to detect the illnesses in biological tissues, and cilia that actively move fluid and suspended nanoparticles by pumping in a metachronous manner through biological organs.