Biosorption of Ni(II) by Ni(II) resistant S. cerevisiae AJ208: potential study with nutritive elements and GA modeling

In our earlier paper, authors have been reported that Ni(II) resistant Saccharomyces cerevisiae AJ208 was developed to remove the elevated level of Ni(II) concentration, and 70% removal was observed concerning the initial Ni(II) concentration of 3000 mg/L. This article aims to screen the facilitated Ni(II) removal after optimizing carbon-nitrogen and macro-micro elements as nutritional supplements into fermentation media from an aqueous solution. In the fermentation media, the synthetic carbon-nitrogen sources and macro-micro elements were added and optimized to obtain better Ni(II) percentage removal from the aqueous solution by using the Ni(II) resistant strain of S. cerevisiae AJ208. As newly optimized carbon-nitrogen sources, sucrose, and ammonium chloride collectively provide 75% Ni(II) removal. The macro-micro elements, magnesium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, ferric sulfate, and zinc sulfate, positively impacted S. cerevisiae AJ208 growth and fermentation. After optimization, it provided 85% Ni(II) removal. The adsorbent was also characterized with SEM-EDAX, Raman, and FTIR analysis. The adsorption study shows a striking enhancement in Ni(II) removal after adding mentioned nutritive elements. The genetic algorithm is also successfully applied using the data acquired from the experiment.