Development of quantitative PCR and digital PCR for the quantification of Leishmania infantum in dogs

Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease with worldwide distribution. In the Americas, the causative agent of the visceral form is the protozoa Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum. Transmission to the host or vertebrate reservoir occurs through the bite of infected arthropod females like Lutzomyia longipalpis. The epidemiological connection between the infection in dogs and humans generate constant studies about the relationship between the parasite and the canine host, including the development of methods and tests for the detection and quantification ofLeishmania (L.) infantum. Both conventional PCR (cPCR) and quantitative PCR (qPCR) can be used in the diagnosis of the parasite. Dropet Digital PCR (ddPCR) is another useful tool. Knowing the parasite load and its relationship with the clinical signs of naturally infected dogs is useful in research development and for establishing treatments that reduce the transmission of the disease. In this study, thirty-nine clinical samples of spleen from dogs naturaly infected by L. infantum were collected after necropsy. Two molecular tools were used to quantify the parasite load (qPCR and ddPCR) and there was 100% agreement in the results of the them. The tools developed in this work are important for the detection of L. infantum in dogs and humans. Droplet Digital PCR does not require a standard curve and is easy to standardize. In such manner, this new tool can generate more in-depth information in the broad debate about parasitic loads and the pathogenesis of leishmaniasis.