On the Performance of Solar Thermophotovoltaics (STPVs) and Wavelength-Selective Thermophotovoltaics (TPVs): Case Study of a High-Rise Residential Building in a Hot and Semi-Arid Climate

Utilizing integrated solar systems and renewable energy sources has the potential to not only decrease the CO2 emissions of buildings but also provide access to more affordable energy alternatives compared to fossil fuels, especially considering the recent rise in prices. Nevertheless, many designers and project decision makers are hesitant to embrace solar technologies due to the uncertainty surrounding the cost-benefit balance. This paper presents a case study of the design process, highlighting the energy-saving and cost-benefit aspects of a solar facade featuring solar thermophotovoltaics (STPVs) and wavelength-selective thermophotovoltaics (TPVs) in a high-rise residential building situated in the semi-arid climate of Tehran, Iran. The simulation methodology consists of EnergyPlus Engines in Rhino, along with the Ladybug and Honeybee plugins throughout the solar facade design process. The solar facade incorporating STPV yielded energy savings of 25 kWh per square meter, marking a 34% reduction compared to a standard facade. In contrast, the TPV demonstrated energy savings of 35 kWh per square meter, indicating a 48% decrease in energy consumption compared to a regular facade. This research indicates that, particularly in semi-arid climatic conditions, TPV systems exhibit a superior performance when integrated into the facades of high-rise structures; yet, due to the low electricity prices in the region, neither STPVs nor TPVs are financially viable. The study contributes to raising awareness, fostering technological innovations, influencing policy discussions, and promoting the adoption of sustainable practices in the field of energy and architecture.