A Wide Operating Range Ejector with Part Nested Nozzles for PEMFC Hydrogen Recirculation System

The ejector drives unreacted hydrogen from the anode to improve fuel utilization ratio and discharges redundant water to prevent flooding and shutdown in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). However, the traditional fixed structure ejector cannot meet the recycling requirements in the whole dynamic working condition of the fuel cell. In this article, a part nested four-nozzle (PNFN) ejector is proposed to enhance the hydrogen recycling efficiency under variable working conditions of the PEMFC by restricting the nozzle flow as 10%, 20%, 20%, and 50% of the fuel cell-rated power, respectively. Systematical analyses are performed on the experimentally verified 3D model to study inner flow characteristics and performance under different nozzle running modes. The results indicate that the PNFN ejector satisfies the recirculation ratio requirements in the power range of 34-220 kW within the 7-9 bar suitable supply pressure. By comparing with traditional ejectors, the PNFN ejector has a wider working range and especially outputs better performance in the low power range.