Analysis of Cesarean Section Rates Using the Robson Classification System in a Training and Research Hospital in Turkey

Objective: In our study, we aimed to evaluate cesarean section rates, causes, and changes over the years in an education and research hospital in eastern Turkey using the Robson 10-Group Classification System. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted that included all women who gave birth in a training and research hospital in eastern Turkey between January 2018 and December 2022. Digital data of all deliveries were extracted from the hospital information system, and all groups were compared using the obstetric parameters in the Robson 10-Group Classification System. Results: During a total of 5 years, 4265 (51.47%) of 8287 pregnant women who applied to the hospital for delivery were delivered by cesarean section. Most of the pregnant women admitted to the hospital are multiparous (group 3 + group 4 = 35.9%). Cesarean section was performed in 99.88% of the pregnant women who had a previous cesarean section (group 5). Women in groups 1, 2, and 5 are the largest contributors to the overall cesarean section rate in our hospital. Conclusions: In our study, cesarean section rates should be reduced in women in the first, second, and fifth groups. In this context, physicians should increase vaginal deliveries after cesarean section and avoid unnecessary labor inductions. In terms of midwives and nurses, education and training should be planned and implemented for pregnant women/couples within the scope of prenatal care services consultancy service. A pregnant education program should be established in which the advantages and disadvantages of cesarean and vaginal delivery are explained.