Modulation of the Immune Response to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccination by Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

Evidence is scarce to guide the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to mitigate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine-related adverse effects, given the possibility of blunting the desired immune response. In this pilot study, we deeply phenotyped a small number of volunteers who did or did not take NSAIDs concomitant with SARS-CoV-2 immunizations to seek initial information on the immune response. A SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-specific receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG antibody response and efficacy in the evoked neutralization titers were evident irrespective of concomitant NSAID consumption. Given the sample size, only a large and consistent signal of immunomodulation would have been detectable, and this was not apparent. However, the information gathered may inform the design of a definitive clinical trial. Here we report a series of divergent omics signals that invites additional hypotheses testing. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The impact of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the immune response elicited by repeat severe acute respi-ratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunizations was profiled by immunophenotypic, proteomic, and metabolo-mic approaches in a clinical pilot study of small sample size. A SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-specific immune response was evident irrespective of concomitant NSAID consumption. The informa-tion gathered may inform the design of a definitive clinical trial.