Genetic variability of earthworm populations in soils with different perturbation levels

Density and genetic variability of both soil macro- and meso-fauna are disturbed by productive practices. This study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity and genetic structure of populations of the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa caliginosa (Briones, 1996) in two sites of the Argentine Pampa under different levels of disturbance: i) grassland, ii) livestock-raising plot, iii) agricultural-livestock raising plots and iv) agricultural plot (the most disturbed). The genetic diversity of the earthworm population was determined based on the allele number, polymorphism percentage and Similarity Index. Allele number and polymorphism percentage were lower in populations from one of the soils under agricultural-livestock practices, but differed significantly only from the values of the other agricultural-livestock raising plot and the livestock-raising plot. Population structure was low although significant. This study shows that allele number and polymorphism are very useful metrics to provide historical and functional information of soils. However, the genetic differences here recorded probably depend on multiple historical and recent causes. The stability of environmental conditions along with the degree of disturbance must be considered to understand their impact on population genetic structure.