A Review of COVID-19's Impact on Radiology Residents' Academics and Wellness in North America

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic caused major disruptions in radiology departments throughout North America. Radiology residency programs were forced to make dramatic changes to their training programs, which had major impacts on resident academics and wellness. The goal of this review is to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on radiology residents' academics and wellness in North America, while also identifying effective measures taken by programs to mitigate the effects of the pandemic. Methods: The search strategy involved database search via PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science with specific key words related to COVID-19, radiology residents, education, wellness, and virtual learning. Studies discussing the education and wellness of radiology residents in North America published after 2020 were included. The data were analyzed using a narrative synthesis approach. Results: The three main domains affected by the pandemic include the residency curriculum, research, and resident wellness. The decline in case volume and diversity of cases had negative overall impact on education of radiology residents, but simulated cases and virtual learning proved its value during the pandemic and may have lasting implications for the postpandemic world. Research initiatives transitioned to a remote format with greater emphasis on quality improvement and COVID-19-related studies. Reduced face-to-face interaction opportunities made it difficult to establish strong and meaningful interpersonal connections and had a negative impact on resident wellness, mentorship, and professional development. Implementing mentorship programs and virtual "town hall meetings" were effective measures to maintain connections during times of social distancing. Finally, the COVID-19 pandemic introduced unprece-dented stressors and challenges for radiology residents that negatively impacted their mental health and wellness. Incorporating wellness initiatives such as wellness hours and team-building activities and using social media were helpful in promoting wellness and mental health for radiology residents. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the academics and wellness of radiology residents across North America but has taught us many lessons that can help us navigate the ongoing challenges of the pandemic, the postpandemic world, and future pandemics.