The deep roots of cross-cultural differences in organizational behavior: Do human resource management education has to respect them?

This paper delves into the deep-rooted factors causing cross-cultural differences and their subsequent impact on the effectiveness of human resource practices in organizations. Drawing from a thematic review of findings from diverse fields such as developmental economics, anthropology, and linguistics, the study explores how historical events, language, geography, and biology influence individual ethics, preferences, and decision-making styles. Multiple conceptual frameworks are introduced to guide the integration of these deep-rooted factors into cross-cultural management education. The article suggests several research directions to enhance human resource management and cross-cultural management education. The emphasis is placed on the importance for researchers and educators in the field to employ constructs and methodologies from various disciplines to comprehend the origins and enduring nature of cross-cultural organizational behavior differences. Without understanding the underlying reasons for cross-cultural differences, intercultural management cannot be practiced effectively. Despite the insights provided, it's crucial to acknowledge the currently limited research connecting historical, biological, or linguistic factors to modern organizational outcomes. This limitation makes the provided recommendations largely conjectural.