Diagnostic potential of Type VII Collagen during oral carcinogenesis

Type VII collagen (Col7) is a major component of anchoring fibrils. Col7 plays a role in tumor development and aggressiveness of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. However, the role of Col7 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral leukoplakia (OL) remains largely unknown. Objective: To elucidate the role of Col7 and its diagnostic potential during oral carcinogenesis. Methodology: Col7 expression was immunohistochemically studied in 254 samples, including normal oral mucosa (NM), OL without dysplasia, OL with dysplasia, and OSCC. The correlation between Col7 expression and clinicopathologic parameters of OSCC was also determined. Results: Col7 was present as a linear deposit at the basement membrane of NM, OL without dysplasia and OL with dysplasia, and at the tumor-stromal junction around tumor islands in OSCC. Discontinuity of expression was frequently observed in OL with dysplasia and OSCC. OSCC had the significantly lowest Col7 expression (p<0.0001). Compared with OL without dysplasia, OL with dysplasia showed significantly reduced Col7 expression. Patients in clinical stage 4 with positive nodes had low Col7 expression compared with those in clinical stage 1 and negative nodes, respectively. Conclusion: Loss of Col7 is associated with tumorigenesis and aggressiveness in OSCC. A significantly reduced Col7 expression in OSCC implies that Col7 may be a useful marker for diagnosis and therapeutic targets.