Progress in Lewis-Acid-Templated Diels-Alder Reactions

The synthesis of natural products with complicated architectures often requires the use of segments with functional groups that can be structurally transformed with the desired stereogenic centers. Bicyclic 𝛾�-lactones have great potential as a suitable segment for natural product synthesis. However, the stereoselective construction of such functionalized bicyclic 𝛾�-lactones is not as straightforward as one might expect. The template-mediated Diels-Alder reaction is one of the most powerful and versatile methods for providing bicyclic 𝛾�-lactones with high regioselectivity and stereoselectivity. In this reaction, the diene is linked to the dienophile by a temporary tether, allowing the reaction to proceed efficiently, yielding a product that can be used for natural product synthesis. This review describes some important instances of the template-mediated Diels-Alder reaction and its application to the synthesis of biologically active compounds.