Effect of B and N Content and Austenitization Temperature on the Tensile and Impact Properties of Modified 9Cr-1Mo Steels

The present study investigates the relative effect of B and N concentrations and the austenitization temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties (tensile and Charpy impact) of modified 9Cr-1Mo (P91) steels. Initially, a B-free P91 steel (with 500 ppm N) and four different B-containing steels (25-100 ppm) with varying N concentrations (20-108 ppm) were hot-rolled, normalized from different austenitization temperatures (1000-1100 & DEG;C/1 h) and finally tempered at 760 & DEG;C for 1 h. A Charpy impact test shows that the ductile-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) of all the B-added steels decreases with an increase in the austenitization temperature, where the 100 ppm B steel offers the lowest DBTT (-85 & DEG;C). Similarly, the strength increases with the increase in the austenitization temperature (1100 & DEG;C), with a slight drop in ductility. The influence of precipitates on the microstructure and mechanical properties is explained considering the B enrichment at the precipitates and the thermodynamic stability of the precipitates. The 100 ppm B steel (containing the maximum B and minimum N), normalized from 1100 & DEG;C austenitization, shows the best combination of tensile and Charpy impact properties, owing to the effective dissolution of coarse M23C6 and MX precipitates during the normalization treatment and the formation of fine B-rich (Fe,Cr)(23)(B,C)(6) precipitates during the subsequent tempering.