Emerging single-atom catalysts in electrochemical biosensing

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted extensive interest owing to their maximized atomic utilization, low cost as well as outstanding catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability for diverse applications. Due to their excellent performance in electrocatalysis, SACs can be applied to electrochemical sensors, which have been a predominant tool employed in biosensing. In very recent studies, SAC-based electrochemical biosensors have demonstrated enhanced sensing performances in biomarker detection and in vivo analysis. However, a comprehensive review of SAC-based electrochemical biosensors has not been reported yet. Herein, we present a summary of the synthesis methods of SACs with their application in electrochemical sensor establishment and electrochemical characterization methods in electrochemical sensing. Biomedical applications utilizing SAC-based electrochemical biosensors are introduced. Finally, the existing challenges and future prospects of SACs in the field of electrochemical biosensing are discussed.