Environmental risk of oil pipeline accidents

Oil spills from pipeline accidents, caused by either material degradation or improper operation, can result in long-lasting environmental damage to soil and water. Assessing the potential environmental risks of these accidents is cru-cial for effective pipeline integrity management. This study calculates the accident rate using Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) data and estimates the environmental risk of pipeline accidents by factoring in the cost of environmental remediation. Results show that crude oil pipelines in Michigan pose the highest environ-mental risk, while Texas has the highest environmental risk for product oil pipelines. On average, crude oil pipelines have a higher environmental risk (56,533.6 US dollars center dot times center dot mile-1 center dot year-1) compared to product oil pipelines (13,395.6 US dollars center dot times center dot mile-1 center dot year-1). Factors affecting pipeline integrity management are also analyzed, includ-ing diameter, diameter-thickness ratio, and design pressure. The study finds that larger pipelines with higher pressures receive more attention during maintenance and thus pose a lower environmental risk. Furthermore, underground pipelines pose a much higher environmental risk than pipelines in other environments, and pipelines are more vulner-able in the early and mid-stages of operation. The leading causes of environmental risk in pipeline accidents are ma-terial failure, corrosion, and equipment failure. By comparing environmental risks, managers can better understand the strengths and weaknesses of their integrity management efforts.