SMOKING MAY BE STRONGLY ASSOCIATED WITH PERI-IMPLANTITIS

Selection Criteria Two of the authors independently searched 4 databases for prospective cohort studies that evaluated the incidence of peri-implantitis among adult smokers and nonsmokers 18 years or older without immunological health conditions and/or other confounders (eg, HIV-positive). They searched for articles published on or before November 30, 2022 with no start-date or language restriction. The authors searched for gray literature and hand-searched the reference list of included studies for additional relevant studies. Two authors independently screened titles and abstracts, analyzed full-text articles, extracted data, assessed risk-of-bias, and determined the certainty of evidence. They resolved disagreements by discussion and consensus, and a third reviewer made the final decision through arbitration if conflict persisted. Key Study Factor This systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis analyzed, in prospective cohort studies, the influence of cigarette smoking, as compared to nonsmoking, on the incidence of peri-implantitis in patients with dental implants. Main Outcome Measures The main outcome measure was the risk ratio for peri-implantitis between smokers and nonsmokers at the patient level and at the implant level. Most of the studies measured and defined peri-implantitis with its inflammatory process by the level of bone loss, bleeding on probing and/or suppuration, and probing depths > 5 mm around the dental implant.