Engineering hosts for Zn anodes in aqueous Zn-ion batteries

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) distinguish themselves among the numerous viable alternatives to lithium-ion batteries on account of their potential advantages, which encompass enhanced safety, cost-effectiveness, and eco-friendliness. However, the metal zinc (Zn) that makes ZIBs competitive is now being plagued by dendrite growth and spontaneous side reactions (hydrogen evolution reaction and water-induced corrosion). These unavoidable parasitic reactions degrade the output energy/power density and shorten the actual lifespan of the Zn anode, rendering it infeasible for ZIBs to access the practical energy storage system. Herein, we systematically summarize the host-design strategies for the Zn anode regarding substrate (accommodation of Zn deposits) and interface (protection of Zn anode) fabrications. In addition, for the purpose of developing a Zn anode that is chemically and electrochemically stable, we thoroughly elucidate the internal mechanisms of the regulation strategies while offering guidance for the rational design of Zn anodes. This review may suggest a prospective guideline for developing high-performance Zn anodes for use in sustainable ZIBs. This review systematically summarizes the host-design strategies for Zn anodes regarding substrate and interface fabrication, aiming to provide a prospective guideline for developing high-performance Zn anodes.