Geo-Based Resource Allocation for Joint Clustered V2I and V2V Communications in Cellular Networks

Cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) communications have gained traction as they can improve safe driving, efficiency, and convenience. However, mobility and the rising number of vehicles make the efficiency of resource allocation (RA) schemes more difficult. Different RA schemes have been proposed to share C-V2X resources effectively. Nevertheless, routing-aware RA has not attracted enough attention in the literature. This paper discusses various scenarios where routing-awareness can be employed in RA to improve the performance and proposes a routing-aware RA method that assumes a cluster-based routing for vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications and a geo-based RA for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications. V2I vehicles are grouped using the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) algorithm and are connected to the cluster heads (CHs) using dedicated short-range communications (DSRC). In supposed scenario, CHs use cellular resource blocks (RBs) to forward vehicles' traffic toward the base station (BS). This paper proposes two heuristic algorithms that enable CHs to use some RBs already assigned to V2V communications for their V2I links without significantly affecting QoS requirements of V2V connections.The proposed algorithms take into account the formed V2I clusters and their loads, and are consequently routing-aware. Based on simulation results, the proposed algorithms improve spectrum efficiency by about 75% in average while the quality of V2V communications are maintained.