Less Restrictive Behavioral Interventions for Sleep Problems in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Single Case Feasibility Study

Sleep problems are prevalent among autistic children and children with Rare Genetic Neurodevelopmental Disorders (RGND). Behavioral interventions are commonly used to treat sleep problems, with most involving extinction. While effective, the occurrence of a response burst (i.e., temporary worsening of the behavior) can result in a temporary increase in parent and child distress, and negatively affect treatment adherence. Thus, it is important to develop less restrictive treatment options. This study used a single case multiple baseline design to investigate the effectiveness and acceptability of less restrictive behavioral interventions (i.e., specifically excluding extinction) for sleep problems in ten autistic children and children with RGND (M = 7.3 years). Results demonstrated a reduction in sleep disturbance including unwanted bed-sharing, night wakings and sleep onset delay for 3/3, 5/5 and 6/7 children respectively, which were maintained at follow-up. Interventions were rated favorably by parents. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.