The Road Less Travelled: Probation Trends in Canada Over the Past 30 Years

被引:0
|
作者
Reid, Andrew A. [1 ,3 ]
Cole, David P. [2 ]
机构
[1] Douglas Coll, Westminster, BC, Canada
[2] Judges Chambers, N York, ON, Canada
[3] Douglas Coll, Criminol Dept, 700 Royal Ave, New Westminster, BC V3M 5Z5, Canada
关键词
probation; sentences; punishment; community corrections; alternatives to custody; PUNITIVENESS; SUPERVISION; SANCTIONS;
D O I
10.3138/cjccj.2022-0035
中图分类号
DF [法律]; D9 [法律];
学科分类号
0301 ;
摘要
Dramatic increases to the use of probation, particularly over the 1980-2010 period, have been identified across many Western nations. Yet Canada has experienced a very different trajectory. The volume of probation sentences imposed in Canada has declined substantially over the past 30 years. This article employs national data from the Uniform Crime Reporting Survey and Integrated Criminal Court Survey to identify factors that have contributed to this unique trend. Unlike other nations, Canada has not introduced a series of new community-based sanctions, nor has it widely embraced tough-on-crime policies. Results of the analyses in this study show that the decline in probation has come about during a period where there have been decreases in the crime rate, the volume of cases entering the court system, and the proportion of cases resulting in a guilty finding. Conversely, there has been a greater tendency for judges to include probation as part of sentencing dispositions, yet the volume of probation sentences has nevertheless declined. De nombreux pays occidentaux ont connu, en particulier au cours de la periode 1980-2010, des augmentations spectaculaires du recours a la probation. Au Canada, cependant, la trajectoire est tres differente. En effet, depuis 30 ans, le volume des peines de probation imposees au Canada a diminue de maniere substantielle. Nous cernons ici les facteurs qui ont contribue a cette tendance exceptionnelle, a partir des donnees nationales du Programme de declaration uniforme de la criminalite et de l'Enquete integree sur les tribunaux de juridiction criminelle. Contrairement a d'autres pays, le Canada n'a pas mis en place une vague de nouvelles sanctions communautaires ; il n'a pas non plus adopte a grande echelle des politiques severes contre la criminalite. Les resultats de nos analyses montrent que la diminution marquee de la probation s'est produite en meme temps qu'une diminution du taux de criminalite, du nombre de causes portees devant les tribunaux et de la proportion de causes ayant donne lieu a un verdict de culpabilite. Bien que la tendance des juges a inclure la probation dans les decisions relatives a la determination de la peine se soit accrue, le volume des peines de probation a neanmoins diminue.
引用
收藏
页码:37 / 58
页数:22
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