Characteristics of unconfined masonry walls under in-plane static and reverse-cyclic loading: a comparative numerical study

This study presents the simplified micro-modeling for unconfined masonry walls under in-plane static and reverse cyclic loading by analyzing two approaches namely springs modeling (SM) approach and expanded units modeling (EUM) approach. The analysis was performed in ANSYS by using Newton Raphson's technique for the solution of the finite elements. The first approach namely SM approach considers mortar as non-linear spring elements and the brick-mortar interface is defined as non-linear contact. SM approach shows remarkable accuracy of results including stiffness and failure load under in-plane static loading. It also provides a very efficient and computationally inexpensive way of solution. The EUM approach considers the bricks as 'expanded units' which means the brick dimensions are increased by mortar thickness on each side. It is a more versatile technique, especially useful under the in-plane reverse cyclic loading. The EUM approach provides an easier modeling alternative and the computational economy is also improved. The novelty of the present study is established by comparing these two different approaches on same finite element user interface under similar conditions. The comparative results thus conclude that the accuracy, versatility and computational economy of these modeling approaches are significantly improved than the already employed methods in previous researches.