A fractional-order model to study the dynamics of the spread of crime

Numerous crucial factors and parameters influence the dynamic process of the spread of crime. Various integer-order differential models have been proposed to capture crime spread. Most of these introduced dynamic systems have not considered the history of the criminal and the impact of crime on society. To address these shortcomings, a fractional-order crime transmission model is proposed in this manuscript considering five different classes viz law-abiding citizens, non-incarcerated criminals, incarcerated criminals, prison-released and recidivists. The primary focus of the proposed model is to study the effect of recidivism in society and decide the adequate imprisonment for repeat offenders. The existence, uniqueness, non-negativity and boundedness of the solution of the proposed model are examined. The local stability of the equilibrium points is also analysed using Routh-Hurwitz Criteria with Matignon conditions. Further, the threshold condition for the uniform asymptotic stability of the system is evaluated by the Lyapunov stability method. Moreover, the long-term impact of the imprisonment of criminals on society is also examined in the current study. The numerical simulations of the model for a range of fractional orders are obtained using power series expansion method to strengthen the theoretical results.(c) 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.