Sustainability and Environmental Impact of the Tourism Sector: Analysis Applied to Swimming Pools in the Hotel Industry on the Costa Brava

The aim of this research is to critically evaluate the environmental implications of public pools in Costa Brava hotels, with a focus on their impact in terms of energy, water, and carbon footprint. The methodology employed hinges on the characterization of the stock of pools installed in the hotels of the region. Following this characterization, calculations were undertaken regarding water and energy consumption, in addition to the computation of the equivalent carbon footprint for the entirety of the pools combined. The findings of the study reveal an annual energy consumption of 1,850.2 MWh/year and an annual water evaporation consumption of 50,105 m(3)/year. As a result, the carbon footprint corresponding to these consumptions is 481.8 tCO(2) eq./year. Identified areas of improvement within the facilities encompassed the modernization of equipment towards more contemporary models with higher efficiencies, the adoption of holistic management approaches for pools, and the utilization of emerging modelling trends to enhance facility efficiency. Conclusions drawn from the research suggest that enhancing the sustainability of pools within the Costa Brava hospitality sector holds significant societal relevance, especially when considering the heightened water stress in Mediterranean climate zones during the peak tourist season. Improving the energy efficiency of these facilities not only contributes to environmental sustainability, but also cuts operational costs, allowing establishments to have more room to channel more resources towards their main hospitality tasks.