Neuropathic Pain: Mechanisms, Sex Differences, and Potential Therapies for a Global Problem

被引:76
作者
Ghazisaeidi, Shahrzad [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Muley, Milind M. [1 ,3 ]
Salter, Michael W. [1 ,2 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Hosp Sick Children, Program Neurosci & Mental Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada
[2] Univ Toronto, Dept Physiol, Toronto, ON, Canada
[3] Univ Toronto, Ctr Study Pain, Toronto, ON, Canada
基金
加拿大健康研究院;
关键词
neuropathic pain; sex difference; sex similarities; immune cells; neurons; DORSAL-ROOT GANGLION; PERIPHERAL-NERVE INJURY; T-CELL INFILTRATION; SPINAL-CORD; SENSORY NEURON; MOLECULAR-MECHANISMS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; INFLAMMATORY PAIN; GLIAL ACTIVATION; CALCIUM-CHANNELS;
D O I
10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-051421-112259
中图分类号
R9 [药学];
学科分类号
1007 ;
摘要
The study of chronic pain continues to generate ever-increasing numbers of publications, but safe and efficacious treatments for chronic pain remain elusive. Recognition of sex-specific mechanisms underlying chronic pain has resulted in a surge of studies that include both sexes. A predominant focus has been on identifying sex differences, yet many newly identified cellular mechanisms and alterations in gene expression are conserved between the sexes. Here we review sex differences and similarities in cellular and molecular signals that drive the generation and resolution of neuropathic pain. The mix of differences and similarities reflects degeneracy in peripheral and central signaling processes by which neurons, immune cells, and glia codependently drive pain hypersensitivity. Recent findings identifying critical signaling nodes foreshadow the development of rationally designed, broadly applicable analgesic strategies. However, the paucity of effective, safe pain treatments compels targeted therapies as well to increase therapeutic options that help reduce the global burden of suffering.
引用
收藏
页码:565 / 583
页数:19
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