Adverse Childhood Experiences and the Risk of Multiple Sclerosis Development: A Review of Potential Mechanisms

被引:5
作者
Eid, Karine [1 ,2 ]
Bjork, Marte-Helene [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Gilhus, Nils Erik [1 ,2 ]
Torkildsen, Oivind [2 ,4 ]
机构
[1] Haukeland Hosp, Dept Neurol, Jonas Lies Vei 71, N-5053 Bergen, Norway
[2] Univ Bergen, Dept Clin Med, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
[3] NorHead, Norwegian Ctr Headache Res, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
[4] Haukeland Hosp, Dept Neurol, NeuroSysMed, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
关键词
childhood; early; stress; trauma; violence; abuse; MS; CELL-MEDIATED-IMMUNITY; STRESSFUL LIFE-EVENTS; WHITE-MATTER; TRAUMA; PATHOGENESIS; LESIONS; HEALTH; SERIAL; BRAIN; ABUSE;
D O I
10.3390/ijms25031520
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), such as abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction, contribute to long-term systemic toxic stress and inflammation that may last well into adulthood. Such early-life stressors have been associated with increased susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (MS) in observational studies and with the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in animal models. In this review, we summarize the evidence for an ACE-mediated increase in MS risk, as well as the potential mechanisms for this association. ACEs dysregulate neurodevelopment, stress responses, and immune reactivity; they also alter the interplay between the immune system and neural networks. All of this may be relevant for MS risk. We further discuss how ACEs induce epigenetic changes and how the toxic stress caused by ACEs may reactivate the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), a key risk factor for MS. We conclude by suggesting new initiatives to obtain further insights into this topic.
引用
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页数:15
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