[1] Ford Motor Co, Dearborn, MI USA
[2] Ford Res & Innovat Ctr Aachen, Aachen, Germany
[3] Univ Michigan, Dept Ind & Mfg Syst Engn, Dearborn, MI USA
[4] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD USA
[5] Univ Michigan, Dept Ind & Mfg Syst Engn, Dearborn, MI 48128 USA