A comprehensive assessment of emerging trends in battery thermal management systems

The electric vehicles (EVs) are the emerging technology of automobiles that are efficiently and effectively replacing the conventional IC engines. The air pollution and noise pollution caused by the conventional automobiles are constrained through several norms and rules, with very less impact on the global environment. This toxic impact on the environment is focused as the primary target for the innovation and development of E-Vehicles. This primary objective can be fully satisfied by implementing an EV with equal performance and efficiency as of the conventional vehicle with durability of components and accessories. The thermal behavior of a battery of an EV is a major consideration in its performance. The battery should be able to provide optimum performance within the safe working temperature. This challenge is achieved through the improvement and optimization of the battery thermal management system (BTMS). In this work, the various battery thermal management systems are discussed and the advantages of a hybrid system over the other systems are highlighted. Moreover, the study presents the implementation of electronic control unit for stable and effective operation of BTMS. The review finally explains the various estimation tools for BTMS and concludes the significance of implementing a hybrid model of cost-efficient BTMS with high performance and compact design.