Resilient supply chains - robustness and dynamics in the context of industrial gas supply chains

The emergence of global pandemics and increasing geopolitical instability in the short term - and the advent of the hydrogen and clean energy economy in the longer term- uncovered the need for resilient supply chains to address complex dynamics caused by regional and global disruptions. This work presents a framework for supply chain resilience and discusses the main challenges and opportunities that arise in academia and industry. We predominantly focus on industrial gas supply chains, directly impacted by COVID-19 such as the liquid oxygen network, geopolitical instability that impacts for instance the helium supply chain, and the increasing availability of renewable energy sources that presents new challenges and opportunities for the hydrogen value chain. Moreover, we discuss the impact of equipment and plant failure as well as mitigating measures, such as preventive maintenance and storage, on supply chain availability and consequently resilience.