Seismic Pressure of c-φ Soil Backfill Carries a Uniform Surcharge on the Retaining Wall Based on a Limit Equilibrium Analysis Method

In this research, a pseudo-static method was used to analyse the seismic stability of reinforced soil, taking into account both horizontal and vertical seismic acceleration on a linear failure surface. There are numerous static and seismic loading methods, and it has been noted in the literature that the analytical formulations are more general and simpler. The effects of both horizontal and vertical seismic loadings on the required tensile resistance of geo-synthetic reinforcement have been studied, and an attempt is made here to present a generalized analytical expression based on a limit equilibrium approach, taking into account the field parameters related to the wall geometry, such as L/H ratio, number of reinforcement layers, cohesion, angle of internal friction, angle of shearing resistance, surcharge, and both. Geosynthetic tensile reinforcing forces can be standardized to the earth's pressure coefficient to quantify the effect of varying soil properties. Tensile resistance, which must be mobilized by the inextensible reinforcement to keep the wall stable, is equivalent to earth pressure and increases with surcharge and horizontal seismic loading, while tensile reinforcement force decreases as cohesion in the backfill increases.