SO2, silicate clouds, but no CH4 detected in a warm Neptune

被引：72

作者：

Dyrek, Achrene ^{[1
]}

Min, Michiel ^{[2
]}

Decin, Leen ^{[3
]}

Bouwman, Jeroen ^{[4
]}

Crouzet, Nicolas ^{[5
]}

Molliere, Paul ^{[4
]}

Lagage, Pierre-Olivier ^{[6
]}

Konings, Thomas ^{[3
]}

Tremblin, Pascal ^{[7
]}

Guedel, Manuel ^{[4
,8
,9
]}

Pye, John ^{[10
]}

Waters, Rens ^{[2
,11
,12
]}

Henning, Thomas ^{[4
]}

Vandenbussche, Bart ^{[3
]}

Martinez, Francisco Ardevol ^{[2
,13
,14
,15
]}

Argyriou, Ioannis ^{[3
]}

Ducrot, Elsa ^{[6
]}

Heinke, Linus ^{[3
,14
,15
]}

van Looveren, Gwenael ^{[8
]}

Absil, Olivier ^{[16
]}

Barrado, David ^{[17
]}

Baudoz, Pierre ^{[18
]}

Boccaletti, Anthony ^{[18
]}

Cossou, Christophe ^{[19
]}

Coulais, Alain ^{[6
,20
]}

Edwards, Billy ^{[2
]}

Gastaud, Rene ^{[19
]}

Glasse, Alistair ^{[21
]}

Glauser, Adrian ^{[9
]}

Greene, Thomas P. ^{[22
]}

Kendrew, Sarah ^{[23
]}

Krause, Oliver ^{[4
]}

Lahuis, Fred ^{[2
]}

Mueller, Michael ^{[13
]}

Olofsson, Goran ^{[24
]}

Patapis, Polychronis ^{[9
]}

Rouan, Daniel ^{[17
]}

Royer, Pierre ^{[3
]}

Scheithauer, Silvia ^{[4
]}

Waldmann, Ingo ^{[25
]}

Whiteford, Niall ^{[26
]}

Colina, Luis ^{[17
]}

van Dishoeck, Ewine F. ^{[5
]}

Ostlin, Goran ^{[1
,27
]}

Ray, Tom P. ^{[28
]}

Wright, Gillian ^{[21
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Paris Saclay, Univ Paris Cite, CNRS, CEA,AIM, Gif Sur Yvette, France

[2] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, Leiden, Netherlands

[3] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Astron, Leuven, Belgium

[4] Max Planck Inst Astron, Heidelberg, Germany

[5] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, Leiden, Netherlands

[6] Univ Paris Cite, Univ Paris Saclay, CNRS, CEA,AIM, Gif Sur Yvette, France

[7] Univ Paris Saclay, CNRS, Maison Simulat, CEA,UVSQ, Gif Sur Yvette, France

[8] Univ Vienna, Dept Astrophys, Vienna, Austria

[9] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Particle Phys & Astrophys, Zurich, Switzerland

[10] Univ Leicester, Space Res Ctr, Sch Phys & Astron, Leicester, Leics, England

[11] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, IMAPP, Dept Astrophys, Nijmegen, Netherlands

[12] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, HFML FELIX, Nijmegen, Netherlands

[13] Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, Groningen, Netherlands

[14] Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Exoplanet Sci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland

[15] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland

[16] Univ Liege, STAR Inst, Liege, Belgium

[17] CSIC, INTA, Ctr Astrobiol CAB, Madrid, Spain

[18] Sorbonne Univ, Observ Paris, Univ Paris Cite, LESIA,CNRS, Meudon, France

[19] Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, Dept Elect Detecteurs & Informat Phys, Gif Sur Yvette, France

[20] Sorbonne Univ, Observ Paris, Univ PSL, LERMA,CNRS, Paris, France

[21] Royal Observ Edinburgh, UK Astron Technol Ctr, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland

[22] NASA, Space Sci & Astrobiol Div, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA

[23] Space Telescope Sci Inst, European Space Agcy, Baltimore, MD USA

[24] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Stockholm, Sweden

[25] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England

[26] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Astrophys, New York, NY USA

[27] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, Oskar Klein Ctr, Stockholm, Sweden

[28] Dublin Inst Adv Studies, Sch Cosm Phys, Dublin, Ireland

来源：

NATURE | 2024年 / 625卷 / 7993期

基金：

欧盟地平线“2020”; 英国科学技术设施理事会; 欧洲研究理事会; 瑞士国家科学基金会;

关键词：

ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION;

D O I：

10.1038/s41586-023-06849-0

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

WASP-107b is a warm (approximately 740K) transiting planet with a Neptune-like mass of roughly 30.5M(circle plus) and Jupiter-like radius of about 0.94R(J) (refs.(1,2)), whose extended atmosphere is eroding(3). Previous observations showed evidence for water vapour and a thick, high-altitude condensate layer in the atmosphere of WASP-107b (refs.(4,5)). Recently, photochemically produced sulfur dioxide (SO2) was detected in the atmosphere of a hot (about 1,200K) Saturn-mass planet from transmission spectroscopy near 4.05 mu m (refs.(6,7)), but for temperatures below about 1,000K, sulfur is predicted to preferably form sulfur allotropes instead of SO2 (refs.(8-10)). Here we report the 9 sigma detection of two fundamental vibration bands of SO2, at 7.35 mu m and 8.69 mu m, in the transmission spectrum of WASP-107b using the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) of JWST. This discovery establishes WASP-107b as the second irradiated exoplanet with confirmed photochemistry, extending the temperature range of exoplanets exhibiting detected photochemistry from about 1,200K down to about 740K. Furthermore, our spectral analysis reveals the presence of silicate clouds, which are strongly favoured (around 7 sigma) over simpler cloud set-ups. Furthermore, water is detected (around 12 sigma) but methane is not. These findings provide evidence of disequilibrium chemistry and indicate a dynamically active atmosphere with a super-solar metallicity.

引用

页码：51 / +

页数：11

共 34 条

[1] Early Release Science of the exoplanet WASP-39b with JWST NIRSpec G395H [J].

Alderson, Lili ;

Wakeford, Hannah R. ;

Alam, Munazza K. ;

Batalha, Natasha E. ;

Lothringer, Joshua D. ;

Redai, Jea Adams ;

Barat, Saugata ;

Brande, Jonathan ;

Damiano, Mario ;

Daylan, Tansu ;

Espinoza, Nestor ;

Flagg, Laura ;

Goyal, Jayesh M. ;

Grant, David ;

Hu, Renyu ;

Inglis, Julie ;

Lee, Elspeth K. H. ;

Mikal-Evans, Thomas ;

Ramos-Rosado, Lakeisha ;

Roy, Pierre-Alexis ;

Wallack, Nicole L. ;

Batalha, Natalie M. ;

Bean, Jacob L. ;

Benneke, Bjorn ;

Berta-Thompson, Zachory K. ;

Carter, Aarynn L. ;

Changeat, Quentin ;

Colon, Knicole D. ;

Crossfield, Ian J. M. ;

Desert, Jean-Michel ;

Foreman-Mackey, Daniel ;

Gibson, Neale P. ;

Kreidberg, Laura ;

Line, Michael R. ;

Lopez-Morales, Mercedes ;

Molaverdikhani, Karan ;

Moran, Sarah E. ;

Morello, Giuseppe ;

Moses, Julianne I. ;

Mukherjee, Sagnick ;

Schlawin, Everett ;

Sing, David K. ;

Stevenson, Kevin B. ;

Taylor, Jake ;

Aggarwal, Keshav ;

Ahrer, Eva-Maria ;

Allen, Natalie H. ;

Barstow, Joanna K. ;

Bell, Taylor J. ;

Blecic, Jasmina .

NATURE, 2023, 614 (7949) :664-+

[2]

Anderson D. R., 2017, Astronomy & Astrophysics, V604, DOI [10.1051/0004-6361/201730439, 10.1051/0004-6361/201730439]

[3]

Arnaud KA, 1996, ASTR SOC P, V101, P17

[4] The physical properties of extra-solar planets [J].

Baraffe, I. ;

Chabrier, G. ;

Barman, T. .

REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS, 2010, 73 (01)

[5]

Bell TJ, 2022, J OPEN SOURCE SOFTW, V7, P4503, DOI [10.21105/joss.04503, 10.21105/joss.04503, DOI 10.21105/JOSS.04503]

[6] A sub-Neptune exoplanet with a low-metallicity methane-depleted atmosphere and Mie-scattering clouds [J].

Benneke, Bjorn ;

Knutson, Heather A. ;

Lothringer, Joshua ;

Crossfield, Ian J. M. ;

Moses, Julianne, I ;

Morley, Caroline ;

Kreidberg, Laura ;

Fulton, Benjamin J. ;

Dragomir, Diana ;

Howard, Andrew W. ;

Wong, Ian ;

Desert, Jean-Michel ;

McCullough, Peter R. ;

Kempton, Eliza M-R ;

Fortney, Jonathan ;

Gilliland, Ronald ;

Deming, Drake ;

Kammer, Joshua .

NATURE ASTRONOMY, 2019, 3 (09) :813-821

[7] Spectroscopic Time Series Performance of the Mid-infrared Instrument on the JWST [J].

Bouwman, Jeroen ;

Kendrew, Sarah ;

Greene, Thomas P. ;

Bell, Taylor J. ;

Lagage, Pierre-Olivier ;

Schreiber, Juergen ;

Dicken, Daniel ;

Sloan, G. C. ;

Espinoza, Nestor ;

Scheithauer, Silvia ;

Coulais, Alain ;

Fox, Ori D. ;

Gastaud, Rene ;

Glauser, Adrian M. ;

Jones, Olivia C. ;

Labiano, Alvaro ;

Lahuis, Fred ;

Morrison, Jane E. ;

Murray, Katherine ;

Mueller, Michael ;

Nayak, Omnarayani ;

Wright, Gillian S. ;

Glasse, Alistair ;

Rieke, George .

PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC, 2023, 135 (1045)

[8] Dynamics and disequilibrium carbon chemistry in hot Jupiter atmospheres, with application to HD 209458b [J].

Cooper, Curtis S. ;

Showman, Adam P. .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2006, 649 (02) :1048-1063

[9] Implications of three-dimensional chemical transport in hot Jupiter atmospheres: Results from a consistently coupled chemistry-radiation-hydrodynamics model [J].

Drummond, Benjaminrrr ;

Hebrard, Eric ;

Mayne, Nathan J. ;

Venot, Olivia ;

Ridgway, Robert J. ;

Changeat, Quentin ;

Tsai, Shang-Min ;

Manners, James ;

Tremblin, Pascal ;

Abraham, Nathan Luke ;

Sing, David ;

Kohary, Krisztian .

ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2020, 636

[10] Exploring the Ability of Hubble Space Telescope WFC3 G141 to Uncover Trends in Populations of Exoplanet Atmospheres through a Homogeneous Transmission Survey of 70 Gaseous Planets [J].

Edwards, Billy ;

Changeat, Quentin ;

Tsiaras, Angelos ;

Yip, Kai Hou ;

Al-Refaie, Ahmed F. ;

Anisman, Lara ;

Bieger, Michelle F. ;

Gressier, Amelie ;

Shibata, Sho ;

Skaf, Nour ;

Bouwman, Jeroen ;

Cho, James Y-K. ;

Ikoma, Masahiro ;

Venot, Olivia ;

Waldmann, Ingo ;

Lagage, Pierre-Olivier ;

Tinetti, Giovanna .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES, 2023, 269 (01)

← 1 2 3 4 →